CPU cache levels, RAM types, and storage access times
From fastest CPU registers to persistent storage
Size
< 1 KB
Latency
~1 cycle
Bandwidth
> 1 TB/s
Technology
SRAM cells
Size
32-64 KB
Latency
~4 cycles
Bandwidth
> 500 GB/s
Technology
SRAM
Size
256-512 KB
Latency
~14 cycles
Bandwidth
> 200 GB/s
Technology
SRAM
Size
8-32 MB
Latency
~42 cycles
Bandwidth
> 100 GB/s
Technology
SRAM
Size
8-64 GB
Latency
~100 ns
Bandwidth
25-100 GB/s
Technology
DDR4/DDR5
Size
256 GB - 8 TB
Latency
~20 μs
Bandwidth
3-7 GB/s
Technology
NAND Flash
Size
128 GB - 4 TB
Latency
~100 μs
Bandwidth
550 MB/s
Technology
NAND Flash
Size
1-20 TB
Latency
~10 ms
Bandwidth
150 MB/s
Technology
Magnetic